Astr 323 February 25, 2004: M31  

M31 old population

Tidal tail

Diffuse Universe

Atoms and Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium

Energy distribution in LTE

Diffuse astrophysical plasma densities and characteristicsdiagram

Diagram notes

Phases in the ISM

Question: What are astronomical examples?

Sticky stuff

Question: What will determine how long the gas stays in the hot phase?