Astr 323 February 23, 2004: Disk Stars and Heating  

Secular Heating of Disk Stars

Thick Disk

Question:M31 objects and techniques

Question: Why are Planetary nebulae good?

Question: Imagine that you observe PNe

Question: Velocities and effects of tilt

Does M31 have a halo like the Milky Way's?

Observed CMD color-mag diagrams

M31 and MW Globular histograms

M31 Halo

Globular Cluster velocities in M31

Question: What would happen to the disk kinematics?

Question: How would you explain M31's lack of thick disk?