Main Sequence Fitting

 
Remember that star spend most of their lives on the main sequence.

If we have a well-calibrated main sequence, we can use it to get distances to distant star clusters.

Remember the Hertzprung-Russell diagram for star clusters:
 
 
Open 
 Clusters

Globular Clusters

If we measure an HR diagram using apparent magnitude for clusters of unknown distance, and compare it to a calibrated HR diagram (which has absolute magnitude), we can get the distance modulus of the cluster (m-M) which gives us the distance. (m-M=5log(d)-5, right?)